Hospice---安寧緩和醫療

從WHO網站查到相關Hospice（palliative care）的資訊，提升terminal p't和其家屬的生活品質與哀後輔導，讓p't對其自己生命價值能得到提升與有尊嚴地去面對死亡。Hospice所處理的並不只是p't本身的問題，而還包含了其家屬的問題。處理的問題則涵蓋了生理、心理、社會、靈性多層次的醫療行為，故為緩和醫療所想達到的全人、全程、全家與全隊的四全目標。在未來，希望能再推廣到全社區，讓只有急重症的p't才需要住到醫院，而非急重症病患則能在家中走過最後一段日子。

http://www.who.int/cancer/palliative/en/

Palliative care

Palliative care is an essential part of cancer control and can be provided relatively simply and inexpensively.

Palliative care for children represents a special, albeit closely related field to adult palliative care. Palliative care for children is the active total care of the child's body, mind and spirit, and also involves giving support to the family. It begins when illness is diagnosed, and continues regardless of whether or not a child receives treatment directed at the disease. Health providers must evaluate and alleviate a child's physical, psychological, and social distress. Effective palliative care requires a broad multidisciplinary approach that includes the family and makes use of available community resources; it can be successfully implemented even if resources are limited. It can be provided in tertiary care facilities, in community health centres and even in children's homes.

Palliative care improves the quality of life of patients and families who face life-threatening illness, by providing pain and symptom relief, spiritual and psychosocial support to from diagnosis to the end of life and bereavement.

Palliative care

• provides relief from pain and other distressing symptoms;
• affirms life and regards dying as a normal process;
• intends neither to hasten or postpone death;
• integrates the psychological and spiritual aspects of patient care;
• offers a support system to help patients live as actively as possible until death;
• offers a support system to help the family cope during the patients illness and in their own bereavement;
• uses a team approach to address the needs of patients and their families, including bereavement counselling, if indicated;
• will enhance quality of life, and may also positively influence the course of illness;
• is applicable early in the course of illness, in conjunction with other therapies that are intended to prolong life, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and includes those investigations needed to better understand and manage distressing clinical complications.

In most of the world, the majority of cancer patients are in advances stages of cancer when first seen by a medical professional. For them, the only realistic treatment option is pain relief and palliative care. Effective approaches to palliative care are available to improve the quality of life for cancer patients.

The WHO ladder for cancer pain is a relatively inexpensive yet effective method for relieving cancer pain in about 90% of patients.